Google makes its first commercial commitment to fusion energy, agreeing to purchase 200MW from CFS’s first ARC power plant in Virginia.
Google has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) for 200 megawatts (MW) of clean fusion electricity from the company’s inaugural ARC power plant, planned for Chesterfield County, Virginia. The agreement marks Google’s first commercial deal for fusion energy and represents the largest known direct corporate offtake for this energy type to date.
As part of the strategic partnership, Google is also increasing its equity investment in CFS, a Devens, Massachusetts-based fusion energy company. Financial terms of the investment were not disclosed. Google first invested in CFS in 2021 to support its SPARC fusion demonstration device.
CFS’s ARC plant, expected to go online in the early 2030s, is designed to produce 400MW of net electricity—equivalent to a utility-scale natural gas plant. Google will also have the option to purchase power from future ARC plants developed by CFS.
The agreement is contingent upon SPARC, CFS’s prototype fusion machine, achieving net energy gain (Q>1). SPARC, now under construction in Massachusetts, is based on a high-field tokamak architecture using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets to create the conditions necessary for fusion.
- Google to purchase 200MW of fusion power from CFS’s ARC plant in Virginia
- Strategic agreement includes additional undisclosed equity investment by Google
- ARC is expected to be the first grid-connected commercial fusion plant
- SPARC is currently under development and designed to achieve Q>1
- Fusion seen as a clean, reliable, and scalable future energy source
“By entering into this agreement with CFS, we hope to help prove out and scale a promising pathway toward commercial fusion power.”— Michael Terrell, Head of Advanced Energy, Google
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), headquartered in Devens, Massachusetts, is a private fusion energy company spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2018. Its mission is to commercialize fusion power using a novel approach based on tokamak reactor designs and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. The company’s flagship technology, the SPARC experimental fusion device, serves as the precursor to its first commercial plant, called ARC, which is targeted to deliver 200 MW of fusion power. CFS is led by CEO Bob Mumgaard, who co-founded the company with other MIT scientists and engineers as part of the university’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center. The team’s proprietary HTS magnet technology, which demonstrated a major milestone in 2021 by achieving a world-record field strength, underpins their compact, modular reactor strategy. CFS has attracted significant private capital—over $2 billion—from leading investors including Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Temasek, and Google, which in 2025 signed an offtake agreement and expanded its equity stake. Strategic partnerships span national laboratories and utilities, positioning CFS as a frontrunner in the race to commercialize fusion energy.